基于文件的恶意软件：金融机构面临的隐性合规风险

Organizations operating in the finance industry are under increasing pressure from multiple directions: cybersecurity, operational resilience, and incident disclosure.

From a cybersecurity standpoint, banks and other financial institutions are investing heavily into network security, endpoint protection, and identity controls.

And yet, one critical risk remains dangerously underestimated: file-based malware.

Malicious PDFs, Microsoft Office files, and compressed archives are now among the most common initial access vectors for ransomware, data exfiltration, and advanced persistent threats.

For regulated financial institutions, failing to address file-borne threats is not just a security gap; it is a direct compliance and regulatory risk.

基于文件的恶意软件对金融机构构成高昂风险

Employees and customers expect files they use in their day-to-day activities to be safe, rarely second guessing a document.

It’s a false feeling of safety which turns documents into an ideal vehicle for stealthy attacks.

In fact, 70% of breaches in the financial and insurance sectors were delivered via phishing and malicious attachments in 2024 alone and the frequency shows no signs of slowing.

We know that 65% of financial services organizations were hit by ransomware in 2024.

Out of these 65%, the financial services industry accounted for 432 incidents, totaling approximately $365.6 million in reported ransomware payments between 2022 and 2024 alone.

常见基于文件的恶意软件类型

Financial institutions encounter these file-based threats daily:

这些技术使恶意软件能够规避传统检测手段，同时无缝融入正常业务运营。

高容量文件处理会创建多个入口点

Financial institutions handle an exceptionally high volume of files every day, largely driven by strict regulatory and operational requirements.

从客户入职到持续账户管理，敏感文件通过多种渠道进行上传、共享和处理：

• KYC and AML documentation uploaded during account opening and ongoing monitoring
  
• Loan and mortgage applications with supporting financial statements and tax documents
  
• Claims processing files containing medical records, invoices, and supporting evidence
  
• Secure customer portal uploads for account maintenance and service requests
  
• Email attachments from third parties and counterparties including vendors, partners, and regulators
  
• Wire transfer documentation and payment authorization forms
  
• 与监管机构交换的监管备案文件及报告

Each of these file uploads represents a potential entry point for malware and zero-day threats.

当文件在云端工作流或自动化处理系统中流动时，若缺乏彻底检查，恶意内容便可能悄然混入而未被察觉。

Consequently, undetected malware introduces security, compliance, and operational risk into environments that rely heavily on trust and speed.

传统安全控制为何力不从心

传统杀毒软件和单引擎扫描解决方案高度依赖签名和已知的入侵指标，因此对当今针对金融机构的复杂文件型威胁束手无策。

1. 基于签名的检测无法应对现代恶意软件

传统杀毒软件通过将文件与已知恶意软件特征码数据库进行比对来检测威胁。这种方法存在以下缺陷：

• Zero-day exploits for which no signatures exist
  
• Polymorphic malware that modifies its code signature with each iteration
  
• Custom malware developed specifically to target your institution
  
• 加密有效载荷，将恶意代码隐藏在合法文件结构中

金融机构屡屡因常见业务应用程序中的零日漏洞而遭受攻击：PDF阅读器、Microsoft Office、文件压缩工具；这些漏洞在安全厂商开发出签名之前便已存在。

2. 单点安全防护会形成危险漏洞

• 仅依赖单一安全供应商或检测方法会产生安全漏洞：
  
• 不同的杀毒引擎在检测不同恶意软件家族方面各有专长。
  
• 没有任何单一供应商能拦截所有威胁；单个引擎的检测率很少超过70-80%。
  
• 攻击者在部署前会将恶意软件用于热门安全解决方案进行测试
  
• Cloud文件工作流通常完全绕过本地安全防护。

3. 速度与规模的挑战

• 现代商业需要快速的文件处理：
  
• 传统深度分析每处理一个文件需要数分钟，造成无法接受的延迟。
  
• 高容量文件处理（每日数千份）使人工审核不堪重负
  
• 实时协作需要在云平台之间即时访问文件
  
• 面向客户的门户网站要求即时处理上传内容

金融机构需要既能提供强力保护又不牺牲运营效率的安全解决方案——这是传统工具无法实现的平衡。

金融服务领域日益严峻的恶意软件挑战

Financial institutions remain high-value targets due to the volume of sensitive financial and personal data they store and process.

与许多可被限制在单一系统内的网络攻击不同，基于文件的恶意软件正是通过定义现代银行运营的核心工作流程进行传播的。

In financial environments, malware incidents extend far beyond operational disruption. They often lead directly to regulatory violations and compliance failures, including:

• 违反《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）、《支付卡行业数据安全标准》（PCI DSS）及区域性金融数据隐私法规的行为
  
• 未经授权访问客户或交易数据
  
• 因未被检测到的恶意文件导致的数据泄露或篡改

File uploads and downloads - whether customer-facing or internal - remain a blind spot in many security architectures.

Embedded threats can evade traditional endpoint tools yet still introduce serious compliance risks when malware leads to data exposure, tampering, or loss of integrity.

合规与监管风险

基于文件的恶意软件带来的合规性挑战，远非技术安全控制所能应对。

敏感数据的保护

《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)、《支付卡行业数据安全标准》(PCI DSS)、《格拉斯-斯蒂格尔法案》(GLBA)、《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》(SOX)以及ISO 27001等法规要求采取严格的安全措施，以确保客户数据的机密性和完整性。隐藏在文档中的恶意软件能够绕过安全控制，从而实现未经授权的访问或数据窃取。

审计与可追溯性缺口

恶意软件感染可能导致日志损坏、规避监控或模糊事件时间线，从而削弱监管机构赖以实施问责与报告的审计追踪。

第三方与供应商风险

银行经常与合作伙伴、供应商和服务提供商交换文件。若缺乏全面的文件检查机制，恶意文档便可能侵入受信任的环境，从而加剧安全风险暴露并增加合规责任。

MetaDefender Cloud™: Strengthening File Security and Compliance

OPSWAT’s MetaDefender Cloud™ is a cloud-based malware analysis and threat prevention platform designed to address the unique security and compliance challenges faced by financial institutions.

It enables organizations to inspect, sanitize, and approve files at every critical entry point - including customer portals, partner exchanges, and internal workflows; without disrupting business operations.

Multiscanning with 20+ Anti-Malware Engines

MetaDefender Cloud Metascan™Multiscanning 而非依赖可能遗漏复杂威胁的单一杀毒引擎。

它同时使用超过20个业界领先的反恶意软件引擎来分析文件。

Deep CDR™ Technology - Proactive Protection Against Unknown Threats

Deep CDR™ 技术通过清除潜在的恶意元素并将文件重建为安全且完全可用的版本，主动防范未知威胁，同时不会中断业务流程。

该方案对金融操作中常用的高风险文件类型（如Office文档、PDF文件、压缩包及图像文件）尤为有效。

By sanitizing files at the point of entry, financial institutions can safely handle the volume of documents required for daily operations without exposing systems to file-borne threats.

MetaDefender

MetaDefender Aether performs dynamic sandbox analysis to detect sophisticated malware that evades static scanning.

Suspicious files are executed in isolated environments to observe real behavior, uncovering advanced threats such as multi-stage malware and APTs.

Sandbox analysis is critical for detecting advanced persistent threats that use multi-stage infection techniques specifically designed to evade traditional security controls.

主动式 DLP™

MetaDefender Cloud Proactive DLP 功能，可在文件共享或存储前检测并阻止敏感或受监管数据（如个人身份信息、支付卡行业数据及医疗健康数据）。

这有助于组织在保持安全文件工作流的同时降低合规风险。

预测性艾琳人工智能

预测性Alin OPSWAT新一代静态AI引擎，通过分析文件结构与特征来识别潜在恶意内容，从而在执行前评估文件安全性。

Predictive Alin AI 专为海量企业内容流而优化，可提供快速的执行前风险评估，并与多重扫描、Deep CDR™ 技术以及沙箱分析（MetaDefender ）协同工作，共同构成MetaDefender Cloud分层文件安全策略的重要组成部分。

为何这对合规如此重要

Together, these technologies enable organizations to detect known and zero-day threats, sanitize files, and prevent sensitive data exposure.

The proactive, layered security controls powered by MetaDefender Cloud support compliance with regulations such as PCI DSS, GDPR, HIPAA, ISO 27001, and NIST.

Cloud的可扩展性与集成

Modern financial institutions require security solutions that scale with business demands without extensive on-premises infrastructure or operational overhead.

MetaDefender Cloud delivers on these demands, through:

1. 灵活的部署选项

• Cloud-native architecture providing high availability and global reach
• Regional deployment options supporting data residency requirements
• Hybrid support for institutions with mixed cloud and on-premises environments
• 大规模性能：90%的文件在8秒内完成处理

2. 无缝集成

MetaDefender Cloud API架构Cloud 使组织能够将先进的文件安全功能集成到现有应用程序和安全工作流中。

• 用于将文件分析、清理和信誉检查集成到自定义应用程序中的REST API
• API 和代码示例，以支持开发和集成
  
• 通过API与云存储、协作及文件传输平台集成
  
• 通过丰富的元数据、日志和判定结果实现SIEM/SOC兼容性，以支持集中化监控与事件响应

3. 常见集成点

MetaDefender Cloud is commonly deployed at file entry point and exchange points where malware and sensitive data can enter an organization:

• 面向客户的门户网站和应用程序
• API Cloud 平台（例如SharePoint、Box、GoogleDrive）
• 电子邮件安全网关用于附件检查
• Secure 传输和文档交换系统
• 文档管理与工作流自动化平台
• 业务线应用程序，其中涉及文件上传或共享

实时Threat Intelligence

MetaDefender Cloud incorporates threat intelligence and reputation services to enhance file security and contextual risk assessment.

• Global malware intelligence derived from multiscanning engines and OPSWAT research
• IP, URL, and domain reputation services to identify malicious or suspicious infrastructure
• 文件元数据和威胁背景信息，用于支持安全调查和合规性报告

这些智能能力帮助组织在不完全依赖基于签名的检测的情况下，做出明智的安全决策。

File-Level Protection Day-to-Day Financial Operations

为有效降低合规与安全风险，必须将文件级保护直接嵌入日常运营流程。

Financial institutions should start by scanning files at every entry point, including customer uploads, partner transfers, and internal communications.

Automating policy enforcement through proactive DLP and data classification helps prevent sensitive information from leaking before an incident occurs.

Finally, integrating file-level threat intelligence and metadata into SIEM and SOC platforms strengthens incident response, audit readiness, and regulatory reporting.

We have moved past the time where financial institutions had the option to opt out of investing in advanced file security.

Today, the only question remaining is how quickly they can implement solutions that close this critical compliance gap before the next breach triggers regulatory action.

With advanced file inspection, sanitization, and malware analysis technologies like those provided by MetaDefender Cloud, organizations can reduce regulatory exposure, prevent costly breaches, and maintain compliance with evolving global standards.

常见问题